What Is Provenance and Why Is It Important to the Art World

(L–R): Artists Amy Sherald, Yayoi Kusama and Georgia O'Keefe. Photo Courtesy: Amy Davis/Baltimore Lord's day/Tribune News Service/Getty Images; Toshifumi Kitamura/AFP/Getty Images; Tony Vaccaro/Getty Images

If y'all've ever taken an art history class or spent time in a fine arts museum, chances are y'all know a lot about the men who "divers" their mediums. Equally with other subjects, about of what we acquire nigh art history today withal centers on white men from Europe and, later, the Us. In reality, at that place are then many more artists of all genders to learn from and appreciate.

Hither, we're specifically taking a wait at just some of the women who accept had lasting impacts on their fine art forms. From some of the art world'due south most iconic pioneers to its most unsung heroes, these women artists all had a hand — and, in some cases, still have a hand — in changing the earth of fine art and how nosotros define it.

Laura Wheeler Waring

Laura Wheeler Waring's portraits Anna Washington Derry and Alice Dunbar Nelson. Photos Courtesy: National Portrait Gallery/Wikimedia Commons

Laura Wheeler Waring was an artist and educator who taught at Cheyney University in Pennsylvania for more than than 30 years. Later on studying the work of painters similar Cézanne and Monet while abroad, she returned to the U.s., condign best known for her portraits of prominent Blackness Americans, many of which were painted during the Harlem Renaissance.

Cindy Sherman

Two photographs from Cindy Sherman's Untitled Pic Stills (1977–80). series. Photos Courtesy: Museum of Modernistic Fine art (MoMA)

Photographer Cindy Sherman was part of the Pictures Generation during the 1980s, and is perhaps most well known for her series of Untitled Film Stills (1977–fourscore) — self-portraits in which Sherman "posed in the guises of various generic female film characters, among them, ingénue, working girl, vamp, and alone housewife" (via MoMA). In this series, and those that followed, Sherman used photography to question the media'southward influence over our private and collective identities.

Yoko Ono

A still from the functioning Cut Slice, 1964, and a pic of the installation Half-A-Room, 1967, as seen at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in 2015. Photos Courtesy: Museum of Mod Art (MoMA)

You might first remember of Yoko Ono as a musician and activist, but she's as well an accomplished performance and conceptual artist. Ono was considered a pioneer in the functioning fine art movement, earning the nickname the "High Priestess of the Happening".

One of her most revered works, Cut Piece, was a functioning she first staged in Nihon; Ono sat on stage in a nice adjust and placed scissors in front of her, and, in an human activity of daring vulnerability, invited audition members to come on phase and cut abroad pieces of her habiliment. "Art is like breathing for me," Ono has said. "If I don't practice it, I start to choke."

Betye Saar

Betye Saar's Black Girl's Window, 1969 (full and detail). Photos Courtesy: Museum of Modern Fine art (MoMA)

Before becoming a printmaker and activist, Betye Saar studied design and was employed as a social worker. A printmaking elective changed her entire career trajectory — and, in plough, part of the trajectory of fine art history.

Saar was role of the Black Arts Movement in the 1970s and, through painting and aggregation, critiqued institutionalized racism and the racist stereotypes white people held toward Blackness Americans. "To me the trick is to seduce the viewer," Saar has said. "If you can get the viewer to look at a work of fine art, so you might exist able to give them some sort of bulletin."

Frida Kahlo

People look at Frida Kahlo's 1939 painting Las Dos Fridas at the World Forum of Culture in 2007, which was held in Mexico. Photo Courtesy: Alejandro Acosta/AFP/Getty Images

It's rare to find someone who hasn't at least heard of Frida Kahlo. A self-taught painter from United mexican states, she is best known for exploring themes like death and identity through her self-portraits. Kahlo often used bold, vivid colors to create her symbol-rich works, and was regarded as ane of the most influential artists of the Surrealist motion.

Yayoi Kusama

A viewer photographs inside the Aftermath of Obliteration of Eternity room during a preview of the Yayoi Kusama's Infinity Mirrors exhibit at the Hirshhorn Museum February 21, 2017 in Washington, D.C. Photograph Courtesy: Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images

Yayoi Kusama started painting at a very young age, only she's too known for her hyper-existent sculptures, polka dots, installations, and so much more than. Similar many of her peers, Kusama embraced the counterculture of the 1960s, employing nudity in much of her work. Today, she continues to create works for her enduring Mirror/Infinity rooms series, which utilise mirrors and lit objects to create a sense of endlessness.

Amy Sherald

Former First Lady Michelle Obama (L) and artist Amy Sherald (R) unveil Mrs. Obama'due south portrait at the Smithsonian'due south National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. on Feb 12, 2018. Photograph by Saul Loeb/AFP/Getty Images

Amy Sherald is an American painter and portraitist who depicts Black Americans, often doing everyday activities — something that became more common in portraiture writ large in the mid-19th century. Odds are that y'all recognize Sherald's work — and her signature grayscale pare tones — every bit she was the commencement Black woman to consummate a presidential portrait for the Smithsonian'south National Portrait Gallery.

Georgia O'Keeffe

In 1960, Georgia O'Keeffe poses outdoors beside a piece of work from her series, Pelvis Series Red With Yellow in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Photograph Courtesy: Tony Vaccaro/Getty Images

Known every bit the mother of American modernism, you likely acquaintance Georgia O'Keeffe with her paintings of New Mexico's landscapes, flowers, skulls, and, just maybe, the skyscrapers of New York Urban center. In the 1920s, she was the first woman painter to gain the respect of the New York art world, all by painting in her unique mode.

Adrian Piper

Adrian Piper wins the Aureate Lion for best artist in Okwui Enwezor'southward biennial exhibition All the Globe'due south Futures, office of the 56th Venice Biennale in 2015. Photograph Courtesy: Awakening/Getty Images

Adrian Piper became a pioneering minimalist, feminist, and conceptual artist in 1970s New York City. She used her piece of work to question gild, identity, and racial politics past demanding the audience to confront truths nearly themselves. She often challenged people on the streets of New York to gauge her race, socio-economic class, and gender — all while dressed as a Black man with a fake mustache and sunglasses, or while wearing compelling statements on her clothes.

Shirin Neshat

Shirin Neshat'due south poses in front of a photograph in her exhibition Our House Is on Burn down at the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation in New York Metropolis in 2014. Photo Courtesy: Cem Ozdel/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

Shirin Neshat left Iran in 1974 to study art in Los Angeles, California — before the Islamic republic of iran Islamic Revolution took place. She is best known for her photography, picture show, and video piece of work, much of which explores the relationship betwixt Islam's cultural and religious systems and women. Moreover, Neshat's works often create a sense of solidarity and empowerment.

Jenny Holzer

Jenny Holzer standing in forepart of her installation at the Guggenheim Museum. Photo Courtesy: Marianne Barcellona/Getty Images

As a neo-conceptual artist, Jenny Holzer'due south piece of work focuses on words and ideas, which she puts on advertising billboards, projects onto buildings and adds to electronic displays or neon signs.

These works display phrases that deed equally meditations on various concepts, such as trauma, noesis, and hope. I of her more notable works, I Smell You On My Peel, makes the viewer question what kind of sentiment the sentence conveys.

Rebecca Belmore

Rebecca Belmore'southward Fringe, 2008. Photo Courtesy: Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO)

Much of Rebecca Belmore's art addresses identity and history — and, in particular, houselessness and the voicelessness of the First Nations People in Canada. As an Anishinaabekwe artist, she works to raise awareness around the prejudice, violence, and attempted erasure of Indigenous North American culture. In 2005, she was the first Indigenous woman to represent Canada at the Venice Biennale.

Louise Bourgeois

A person looks at Louise Bourgeois' Spider. Photo Courtesy: Timothy A. Clary/AFP/Getty Images

While a prolific printmaker and painter, Louise Bourgeois is ameliorate known for her installation art and sculptures — similar the spider above — which were inspired past her ain experiences and memories. Throughout her career, she created revolutionary works during a time when abstraction and conceptual art were the main styles shaping the art world.

Mickalene Thomas

Mickalene Thomas' A Piffling Taste Exterior of Love, 2007. Photo Courtesy: Brooklyn Museum

Heavily influenced past popular culture and pop art, Mickalene Thomas often embellishes her paintings with rhinestones and uses colorful acrylic paints. In her work, Thomas centers Black American women, whom she believes embody power and femininity.

Judy Chicago

Judy Chicago'southward seminal work The Dinner Political party. Photo Courtesy: Brooklyn Museum

Judy Chicago was one of the major figures within the early Feminist Art movement. As exemplified in her iconic piece of work The Dinner Political party, her installation pieces frequently examine the role of women in history and civilization — in the 1970s and before. While at California State University in Fresno, Chicago founded the start feminist art programme in the United States.

Augusta Savage

Augusta Roughshod with i of her sculptures in the mid-1930s. Photograph Courtesy: Andrew Herman/Archives of American Fine art/Wikimedia Commons

Augusta Fell was an American sculptor during the Harlem Renaissance who worked toward securing equal rights for Black Americans in the arts. In addition to creating scenic sculptures, often of Blackness folks, Brutal founded the Savage Studio of Arts and crafts in Harlem in 1932, and, a few years later on, she became the first Black American elected to the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors in 1934.

Carolee Schneemann

Photograph Courtesy: Museum of Modern Fine art (MoMA)

Known for her provocative performance art practices, Carolee Schneemann is considered the progenitor of "body fine art". (Just await upwards her nigh famous work, Interior Scroll, and you'll run across what nosotros hateful.) She used her body to examine women's sensuality and liberation from the oppressive aesthetic and social conventions established by our patriarchal society.

Nan Goldin

Nan Goldin's Christmas on the Other Side, Boston, 1972. Photograph Courtesy: Wikimedia Commons

Famous for her in-the-moment photography, Nan Goldin's work challenges traditional power relations. In addition to documenting New York Urban center'southward queer subculture post-Stonewall, Goldin explored the HIV/AIDS crisis, opioid epidemic, and LGBTQ+ bodies.

Elaine Sturtevant

Warhol's Marilyn Monroe (1967) by Elaine Sturtevant. Photo Courtesy: Ben Stanstall/AFP/Getty Images

Does this look like an Andy Warhol to y'all? Well, that'due south the idea! Elaine Sturtevant, who went by her last name professionally, was a conceptual artist known for her inexact replicas — that is, non-quite-right copies of big-name artists' work.

Some artists and critics encouraged her efforts, while others became quite aroused. Even so, Sturtevant used her works to explore the concepts of authorship, originality, and the structure of art culture.

Ruth Asawa

Various hanging sculptures past Ruth Asawa at the De Immature Museum in San Francisco. Photo Courtesy: View Pictures/Universal Images Group/Getty Images

During the 1960s, Ruth Asawa created increasingly complex wire sculptures. A San Francisco-based creative person, Asawa's last public committee was the Garden of Remembrance at San Francisco State Academy, which was created to recognize Japanese Americans who were interned during World State of war II.

Catherine Opie

Catherine Opie attends the 2007 Guggenheim International Gala on November 8, 2007 in New York Metropolis. Photo Courtesy: Shawn Ehlers/WireImage/Getty Images

Known for her studio, portrait, and mural photography, Catherine Opie has been a photographer since the age of ix. She uses her photography to examine social norms, and, in doing and then, displays diverse subcultures in formal portraits — but in a way that conveys ability and respect by evoking traditional Renaissance portraiture.

micha cárdenas

Yet from Sin Sol (No Lord's day) VR game. Photo Courtesy: micha cárdenas/YouTube

micha cárdenas is an creative person, author, theorist, and assistant professor who won an Impact Award at the Indiecade Festival in 2020 and the Creative Accolade from the Gender Justice League in 2016. She believes education is the path to liberation and uses VR and art to address global bug such as racism, gendered violence, and climate alter.

Lee Krasner

Lee Krasner: Living Color exhibition at Barbican Fine art Gallery on May 29, 2019 in London, England. Photograph Courtesy: Tristan Fewings/Getty Images for Barbican Art Gallery

Lee Krasner was an Abstract Expressionist painter who also specialized in collaging. Her works capture a spirit of relentless reinvention, from her Cubist drawings and assemblage to her portraits and murals for the Works Progress Administration (WPA).

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